Are PHP exceptions really more useful than errors? (Adv)

I believe that in properly coded systems - errors (as errors or exceptions) should not be possible (with the exception of a DB/memcached server going down causing a query to fail). Our code should not rely on any assumptions to properly work and should be as bu开发者_如何转开发llet proof as possible.

However, in order to insure that our systems handle problems in the most user friendly way, we have to build and implement some kind of "catching system" to insure that, should anything ever go wrong, both our server staff and the end user will be taken care of.

To this end PHP offers two solutions - errors and exceptions. Errors consist of 5 values while Exceptions consist of 5 values wrapped in an object. Both allow backtracks which are invaluable while the app is being built.

The 5 values are $error_code, $error_message, $file, $line, $context

Normally, in our strive for proper OOP programming the default choice is always to pursue objects - but in a case like this I'm not sure as to how beneficial they really are. By using exceptions, addition memory is wasted do to the need of wrapping the values in an object (this also often requires extra files which contain the exception classes). Further more, you must wrap any code that you assume might fail in a TRY / CATCH {} block. This leaves the error handling method open to human error as points of failure may not be covered by the developer. In order to safe guard against this you can use the set_exception_handler which will be passed any exceptions not caught. The bad thing about the exception handler is that Execution will stop after the exception_handler is called - so there is no such thing as a recoverable/ignored exception should it not be caught in a try / catch block.

On the other hand, errors are always global and can be handled by any function/class set by the set_error_handler. This removes the need for extra exception classes, object memory, or lines of try / catch code. Like exceptions, errors also come with build in error codes which (unlike exceptions) you can use to continue script execution for minor or unimportant script problems. In addition, most of the PHP functions triggers errors so you will not be going against the flow of the language.

So given that you must support error handling anyway (do to the PHP language), what is the purpose of wasting extra code and memory also implementing exceptions? Are we just blindly doing this because it is an error in object form or is there a real benefit in application design that normal errors don't afford us?

I stopped reading after this line:

I believe that in properly coded systems - errors (as errors or exceptions) should not be possible (with the exception of a DB/memcached server going down causing a query to fail).

That is the entire purpose of exceptions -- as a construct to manage exceptional circumstances in code.

If you are throwing exceptions as a part of unexceptional ordinary program flow, you're doing something wrong.

If you don't know why exceptions are useful for exceptional circumstances, then perhaps you need to spend some time with a true OO language. (Hint: PHP isn't a true OO language.)

Along with the object oriented approach of all those errors come the great advantages of extending exceptions.

So you are able to catch all sub-exceptions of, lets say, IOExceptions in one catch block (FileNotFoundException, FileNotWritableException, ...), and all other exceptions in another one, where you might throw that exception again:

try
{
    // [...] (some code causing the exception)
}
catch(IOException $e)
{
    // do your processing here, like let's say set correct filemodes.
}
catch(Exception $e)
{
    // catches all other exceptions
}

Also they offer you a more standardized way of how you handle errors in your scripts. When you use try/catch blocks, the error handling will almost always look similar and in many cases is more self-explanatory than using normal errors with codes etc.

Which one can you understand better: ?

switch($errorCode)
{
    case 1450:
        // Create the database column
        break;
}

// or

catch(ColumnNotFoundException $e)
{
    // Create the database column
}

I believe there is a philosophical difference between the definitions of errors and exceptions.

An error simply put is a programmed flaw, generated by a logical fallacy in the code. Passing strlen() an incorrect number of arguments should naturally be an error. An exception, on the other hand, handles those cases where everything is programmed correctly, but your code is interacting with resources outside of the codebase (filesystem, web service, external executable, etc). While it is expected that such external resources should work perfectly on every call, there will be cases -- out of the scope of your program's control -- that are not attributed to faults of your code (filesystem gets unmounted, connection timeout, etc). Because these issues are due to external factors, they are deemed exceptions.

The main difference is that an error occurs within one's own code, whereas an exception occurs in the case of an anomaly found in a third-party resource.

The function fopen() has the possibility of returning the following:

If the open fails, an error of level E_WARNING is generated. You may use @ to suppress this warning.

You may choose to use the suppression operator, but it's generating a fair amount of overhead itself. try/catch blocks enable you to both capture this error, continue with regular execution, display custom errors to your users, and log the error all in one fell swoop. For me it's a no brainer as to the benefits of utilizing exception handling in my documents.

Also, if you use any piece of Zend Framework (including any of the Google API classes), you are expected to be handling exceptions on your own as they do and will occur.