NHibernate: mapping single column from many-to-one to a primitive type

I have a following mapping:

<set name="People" lazy="true" table="ProjectPeople">
  <key column="ProjectId" />
  <composite-element class="PersonRole">
    <many-to-one name="Person" column="PersonId" cascade="save-update" not-null="true" />
    <many-to-one name="Role" column="RoleId" cascade="save-update" not-null="true"  />
  </composite-element>
</set>

Now, I do not really want to have开发者_如何学运维 a separate class for Role in domain, I need only the Role name. However, in DB Roles should still be normalized to a separate table Role (Id, Name).

How do I map it so that People use following PersonRole class?

public class PersonRole {
    public virtual Person Person { get; set; }
    public virtual string Role { get; set; }
}

Update: added bounty, seems like a question useful not only to me.

You won't actually get the answer you hope for, simply because it is not possible. (N)Hibernate is an Object-Relational-Mapping framework and support three kinds of mapping strategies:

• table per class hierarchy
• table per subclass
• table per concrete class

It also allows you to deviate from this by using formula or sql-insert etc, but as you've found out, these only cause you more pain in the end, are not encouraged by the Hibernate community and are bad for the maintainability of your code.

Solution?

Actually, it is very simple. You do not want to use a class for Role. I assume you mean that you do not want to expose a class of type Role and that you do not want to have to type prObject.Role.Name all the time. Just prObject.Role, which should return a string. You have several options:

1. Use an inner class in, say, PersonRole, this class can be internal or private. Add a property Role that sets and updates a member field;
2. Use an internal class. Add a property Role that sets and updates a member field;

Let's examine option 2:

// mapped to table Role, will not be visible to users of your DAL
// class can't be private, it's on namespace level, it can when it's an inner class
internal class Role 
{
    // typical mapping, need not be internal/protected when class is internal
    // cannot be private, because then virtual is not possible
    internal virtual int Id { get; private set; }
    internal virtual string Name { get; set; }
}

// the composite element
public class PersonRole
{
    // mapped properties public
    public virtual Person Person { get; set; }

    // mapped properties hidden
    internal virtual Role dbRole { get; set; }

    // not mapped, but convenience property in your DAL
    // for clarity, it is actually better to rename to something like RoleName
    public string Role     /* need not be virtual, but can be */
    { 
        get
        {
            return this.dbRole.Name;
        }
        set
        {
            this.dbRole.Name = value;    /* this works and triggers the cascade */
        }
    }
}

And the mapping can look as expected. Result: you have not violated the one-table-per-class rule (EDIT: asker says that he explicitly wants to violate that rule, and Hib supports it, which is correct), but you've hidden the objects from modification and access by using typical object oriented techniques. All NH features (cascade etc) still work as expected.

(N)Hibernate is all about this type of decisions: how to make a well thought-through and safe abstraction layer to your database without sacrificing clarity, brevity or maintainability or violating OO or ORM rules.

Update (after q. was closed)

Other excellent approaches I use a lot when dealing with this type of issue are:

• Create your mappings normally (i.e., one-class-per-table, I know you don't like it, but it's for the best) and use extension methods:

   // trivial general example
   public static string GetFullName(this Person p)
   {
       return String.Format("{0} {1}", p.FirstName, p.LastName);
   }
  
   // gettor / settor for role.name
   public static string GetRoleName(this PersonRole pr)
   {
       return pr.Role == null ? "" : pr.Role.Name;
   }
   public static SetRoleName(this PersonRole pr, string name)
   {
       pr.Role = (pr.Role ?? new Role());
       pr.Role.Name = name;
   }
  

• Create your mappings normally but use partial classes, which enable you to "decorate" your class any which way you like. The advantage: if you use generated mapping of your tables, you an regenerate as often as you wish. Of course, the partial classes should go in separate files so considering your wish for diminishing "bloat" this probably isn't a good scenario currently.

   public partial class PersonRole
   {
       public string Role {...}
   }
  

• Perhaps simplest: just overload ToString() for Role, which makes it suitable for use in String.Format and friends, but of course doesn't make it assignable. By default, each entity class or POCO should have a ToString() overload anyway.

Though it is possible to do this with NHibernate directly, the q. has been closed before I had time to look at it (no ones fault, I just didn't have the time). I'll update if I find the time to do it through Hibernate HBM mapping, even though I don't agree to the approach. It is not good to wrestle with advanced concepts of Hib when the end result is less clear for other programmers and less clear overall (where did that table go? why isn't there a IDao abstraction for that table? See also NHibernate Best Practices and S#arp). However, the exercise is interesting nevertheless.

Considering the comments on "best practices": in typical situations, it shouldn't be only "one class per table", but also one IDaoXXX, one DaoConcreteXXX and one GetDaoXXX for each table, where you use class/interface hierarchy to differentiate between read-only and read/write tables. That's a minimum of four classes/lines of code per table. This is typically auto-generated but gives a very clear access layer (dao) to your data layer (dal). The data layer is best kept as spartan as possible. Nothing of these "best practices" prevent you using extension methods or partial methods for moving Role.Name into Role.

These are best general practices. It's not always possible or feasible or even necessary in certain special or typical sitations.

Personally I would create a Role class like Yassir

But If you want to use the structure that you have at the moment then create a view that contains the foriegn Key to your Person Table and the Role Description.

Modify the Set mapping table to point at your new view Then modify your Role mapping so that it is a property instead of the many to one mapping.

However taking this approach I think will mean that you will not be able to update your role as it is reerencing a view.

Edit: To update the role you could add <sql-insert>,<sql-update> and <sql-delete> to your mapping file so that the cascade-all will work

i don't think it is possible to map many-to-one to a primitive type if i were you i would add a Role class to the model

This the biggest turn off of the whole OO purist thing. Surely the goal is to have a working application. Not somebodies version of a perfect class hierarchy. So what if you have to code "prObject.Role.Name " instead of "prObject.Role". How does this help you make a better more reliable program?

From the application design purist point of view what you want is just plain wrong. A person can have several roles, a role can usually be assigned to several people. Why go to all this trouble to enforce an unrealistic one role per person class hierachy when the undelaying data model is many roles per person?

If you really do have an "only one role per person" rule then it should be refleced in the underlying data model.