Emulating/faking filesystem for testing C code?

I'm looking for the cross-platform way to test some features in my ap开发者_开发技巧plication which required access to the filesystem (to write and read binary data). In the real life my application running on Linux and store special data in /usr/local/etc directory. But main part of the application is cross-platform library and it should be tested both on Windows and Linux. Furthermore, I don't want for my tests to write/read data directly to /usr/local/etc because in that case it will break test isolation.

So I'm thinking about replacing real access to the filesystem with special emulator of filesystem. Thus every test which required access to the filesystem can create new instance of vistual filesystem object and I can run tests in isolation, and properly support testing on Windows.

I've tried to find some existing open/free implementation, but so far found none for C code. Any hints?

UPDATE: Linux-only solutions with chroot is not option for me.

I would make the filesystem location configurable - either with a command-line option, or with an environment variable (both of these work just as well with Linux and Windows).

The default can be /usr/local/etc/, but for testing (or on Windows) you can specify a different location. If you are running multiple commands then the environment variable method works particularly well, as you can set the variable once, then just run the commands the same way they would be run if they were using the default storage location.

For both methods, it's worth considering whether there are any security implications in having the location configurable - usually there won't be (the executable will only be able to do things that the user could have already done), but if you're running the executable setuid you may need more thought.

Under linux you can do the fakeroot trick: LD_PRELOAD a library which intercepts open, read and write calls and redirect them to whatever you want to do. I don't know if there is an equivalent way to inject code this way into a windows binary.

chroot is another way to give the test program its own fs hierarchy. You can also try to write your own libc stubs for fopen and friends and link this lib to your test program, but this will not intercept calls made by other libraries.

Another approach could be an io abstraction layer, like openssl BIO, where the io calls can easily be intercepted by replacing the abstraction library.

What about testing under qemu and starting each run with the same pre-crafted filesystem image?