How to get Windows user name using different methods?

In .NET, there appears to be several ways to get the current Windows user name. Three of which are:

string name = WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name;

or

string name = Thread.CurrentPrincipal.Identity.Name;

or

string name = Environment.UserName;

What's the difference, and why choose one method over the other? Are there any ot开发者_JAVA技巧her ways?

Environment.UserName calls GetUserName within advapi32.dll. This means that if you're impersonating another user, this property will reflect that.

Thread.CurrentPrincipal has a setter and can be changed programmatically. (This is not impersonation btw.)

WindowsIdentity is your current windows identity, if any. It will not necessarily reflect the user, think ASP.NET with FormsAuthentication. Then the WindowsIdentity will be the NT-service, but the FormsIdentity will be the logged in user. There's also a PassportIdentity, and you can build your own stuff to complicate things further.

You asked for alternative ways.

Of course, you can always use the native Windows API: GetUserName.

I believe the property was put in several places so that it would be easier for the programmer to find. There's only one logged in user, and only one respective name.

The three methods are described as follow:

HttpContext = HttpContext.Current.User, which returns an IPrincipal object that contains security information for the current Web request. This is the authenticated Web client.

WindowsIdentity = WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent(), which returns the identity of the security context of the currently executing Win32 thread.

Thread = Thread.CurrentPrincipal which returns the principal of the currently executing .NET thread which rides on top of the Win32 thread.

And they change in result depending on your IIS configuration as explained in this article: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa302377.aspx