Smart search/replace in Vim

I have a file with the following expressions:

something[0]

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Where instead of 0 there could be different numbers. I want to replace all these occurances with

somethingElse0

Where the number should be the same as in the expression I replaced. How do I do that?

Use pattern grouping like this:

:%s/something\[\(\d\+\)\]/somethingElse\1/g

You should use a combination of match groups and character classes to accomplish this. Your example, if you mean replacing Something(numbers-here) with SomethingElse(same-numbers), is solved with the following command:

:%s/Something\(\d\+\)/SomethingElse\1/g

This finds all of the places in the file that have Something(a-bunch-of-digits), and replaces the Something with SomethingElse. The + means one or more digits; you could replace that with * if you wanted zero or more digits.