How to avoid superclass methods getting overridden by sub class in objective - c

Like in java:

A final class cannot be subclassed. This is done for reasons of security and efficiency. Accordingly, many of the Java standard library classes are final, for example java.lang.System and java开发者_运维问答.lang.String. All methods in a final class are implicitly final.

How can I achieve this behavior in objective-c?

You can't. Efficiency doesn't come into it. If you are that bothered about security don't use objective-c. There will always be a way to get around any measures you take.

As has been said a number of times, you can't.

However, if you are making a library (which is the only case in which I could see this being relevant, anyway) there are a few steps you can take. Well, one, really.

Write, in the documentation of the class, that "This class is not intended for subclassing." (ref. NSIndexSet) or "Do not override this method." (ref. +[NSApplication sharedApplication].

As a way of explanation, it is worth noting that (pretty much) everything that happens in Obj-C, and that separates it from C, happens at runtime, and the runtime is, so to speak "Right There". Any piece of code can inspect, mutate or pervert the runtime at their leisure, making Obj-C a terribly powerful language; especially with regards to its "meta-language" structure.

There is no final equivalent in objective-c. There are same patterns that might be good alternative, they'll give you better separation, but neither performance nor security:

1. If you only want to allow certain methods to be overwritten using delegate pattern might be a better choice.
2. If you do not want subclassing at all, then you can use the abstract factory pattern. Declare a public interface + factory methods, and hide the concrete implementation classes.

It seems that around 2019 objc_direct attributes are available, which can be used for final methods, and remove runtime limitations

You can read more about these attributes at NSHipster, or in the original Twitter thread

@interface Base: NSObject
- (void)cannotBeOverridden  __attribute__((objc_direct)); // final
@end

@implementation Base
- (void)cannotBeOverridden { }
@end

@interface Child: Base @end

@implementation Child
- (void)cannotBeOverridden { } // Error here
@end