How do I alias commands in git?
I saw a screencast where someone had gotten
git st
git ci
to wor开发者_如何学Gok. When I do it I get an error asking me if I meant something else.
Being a git newb, I need to know what you have to do to get this done?Basically you just need to add lines to ~/.gitconfig
[alias]
st = status
ci = commit -v
Or you can use the git config alias command:
$ git config --global alias.st status
On unix, use single quotes if the alias has a space:
$ git config --global alias.ci 'commit -v'
On windows, use double quotes if the alias has a space or a command line argument:
c:\dev> git config --global alias.ci "commit -v"
The alias command even accepts functions as parameters. Take a look at aliases.
As others have said the appropriate way to add git aliases is in your global .gitconfig file either by editing ~/.gitconfig or by using the git config --global alias.<alias> <git-command> command
Below is a copy of the alias section of my ~/.gitconfig file:
[alias]
st = status
ci = commit
co = checkout
br = branch
unstage = reset HEAD --
last = log -1 HEAD
Also, if you're using bash, I would recommend setting up bash completion by copying git-completion.bash to your home directory and sourcing it from your ~/.bashrc. (I believe I learned about this from the Pro Git online book.) On Mac OS X, I accomplished this with the following commands:
# Copy git-completion.bash to home directory
cp usr/local/git/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash ~/
# Add the following lines to ~/.bashrc
if [ -x /usr/local/git/bin/git ]; then
source ~/.git-completion.bash
fi
Note: The bash completion will work not only for the standard git commands but also for your git aliases.
Finally, to really cut down on the keystrokes, I added the following to my ~/.bash_aliases file, which is sourced from ~/.bashrc:
alias gst='git status'
alias gl='git pull'
alias gp='git push'
alias gd='git diff | mate'
alias gau='git add --update'
alias gc='git commit -v'
alias gca='git commit -v -a'
alias gb='git branch'
alias gba='git branch -a'
alias gco='git checkout'
alias gcob='git checkout -b'
alias gcot='git checkout -t'
alias gcotb='git checkout --track -b'
alias glog='git log'
alias glogp='git log --pretty=format:"%h %s" --graph'
I think the most useful gitconfig is like this,we always use the 20% function in git,you can try the "g ll",it is amazing,the details:
[user]
name = my name
email = me@example.com
[core]
editor = vi
[alias]
aa = add --all
bv = branch -vv
ba = branch -ra
bd = branch -d
ca = commit --amend
cb = checkout -b
cm = commit -a --amend -C HEAD
ci = commit -a -v
co = checkout
di = diff
ll = log --pretty=format:"%C(yellow)%h%Cred%d\\ %Creset%s%Cblue\\ [%cn]" --decorate --numstat
ld = log --pretty=format:"%C(yellow)%h\\ %C(green)%ad%Cred%d\\ %Creset%s%Cblue\\ [%cn]" --decorate --date=short --graph
ls = log --pretty=format:"%C(green)%h\\ %C(yellow)[%ad]%Cred%d\\ %Creset%s%Cblue\\ [%cn]" --decorate --date=relative
mm = merge --no-ff
st = status --short --branch
tg = tag -a
pu = push --tags
un = reset --hard HEAD
uh = reset --hard HEAD^
[color]
diff = auto
status = auto
branch = auto
[branch]
autosetuprebase = always
You need the git config alias command. Execute the following in a Git repository:
git config alias.ci commit
For global alias:
git config --global alias.ci commit
You can also chain commands if you use the '!' operator to spawn a shell:
aa = !git add -A && git status
This will both add all files and give you a status report with $ git aa.
For a handy way to check your aliases, add this alias:
alias = config --get-regexp ^alias\\.
Then a quick $ git alias gives you your current aliases and what they do.
This worked for me:
bco = "!f(){ git branch ${1} && git checkout ${1}; };f"
on:
$ git --version
git version 1.7.7.5 (Apple Git-26)
I created the alias dog for showing the log graph:
git config --global alias.dog "log --all --decorate --oneline --graph"
And use it as follows:
git dog
Follwing are the 4 git shortcuts or aliases youc an use to save time.
Open the commandline and type these below 4 commands and use the shortcuts after.
git config --global alias.co checkout
git config --global alias.ci commit
git config --global alias.st status
git config --global alias.br branch
Now test them!
$ git co # use git co instead of git checkout
$ git ci # use git ci instead of git commit
$ git st # use git st instead of git status
$ git br # use git br instead of git branch
Add the following lines to your ~/.gitconfig in your home directory
[alias]
# one-line log
l = log --pretty=format:"%C(yellow)%h\\ %ad%Cred%d\\ %Creset%s%Cblue\\ [%cn]" --decorate --date=short
ll = log --pretty=format:"%C(yellow)%h%Cred%d\\ %Creset%s%Cblue\\ [%cn]" --decorate --numstat
ld = log --pretty=format:"%C(yellow)%h\\ %C(green)%ad%Cred%d\\ %Creset%s%Cblue\\ [%cn]" --decorate --date=short --graph
ls = log --pretty=format:"%C(green)%h\\ %C(yellow)[%ad]%Cred%d\\ %Creset%s%Cblue\\ [%cn]" --decorate --date=relative
a = add
ap = add -p
c = commit --verbose
ca = commit -a --verbose
cm = commit -m
cam = commit -a -m
m = commit --amend --verbose
d = diff
ds = diff --stat
dc = diff --cached
s = status -s
co = checkout
cob = checkout -b
# list branches sorted by last modified
b = "!git for-each-ref --sort='-authordate' --format='%(authordate)%09%(objectname:short)%09%(refname)' refs/heads | sed -e 's-refs/heads/--'"
# list aliases
la = "!git config -l | grep alias | cut -c 7-"
Once that is done, you can do git a instead of git add for example. The same applies to other commands under the alias heading..
For me (I'm using mac with terminal) only worked when I added on .bash_profile and opened another tab to load the change:
alias gst="git status"
alias gd="git diff"
alias gl="git log"
alias gco="git commit"
alias gck="git checkout"
alias gl="git pull"
alias gpom="git pull origin master"
alias gp="git push"
alias gb="git branch"
This will create an alias st for status:
git config --add alias.st status
For those looking to execute shell commands in a git alias, for example:
$ git pof
In my terminal will push force the current branch to my origin repo:
[alias]
pof = !git push origin -f $(git branch | grep \\* | cut -d ' ' -f2)
Where the
$(git branch | grep \\* | cut -d ' ' -f2)
command returns the current branch.
So this is a shortcut for manually typing the branch name:
git push origin -f <current-branch>
You can alias both git and non-git commands. It looks like this was added in version 1.5. A snippet from the git config --help page on version 2.5.4 on my Mac shows:
If the alias expansion is prefixed with an exclamation point, it will be treated as a shell command.
For example, in your global .gitconfig file you could have:
[alias]
st = status
hi = !echo 'hello'
And then run them:
$ git hi
hello
$ git st
On branch master
...
One line setup
$ git config --global alias.co checkout && git config --global alias.br branch && git config --global alias.ci commit && git config --global alias.st status && git config --global alias.unstage 'reset HEAD --' && git config --global alias.last 'log -1 HEAD'
Usage:
$ git st
$ git co
$ git br
$ git ci
$ git last
$ git unstage <file | dir>
Everything will set into:
$ cat ~/.gitconfig
[user]
name = Sample User
email = sample@gmail.com
[core]
filemode = false
compression = 1
quotepath = off
ignorecase = false
[color]
ui = auto
[alias]
co = checkout
br = branch
ci = commit
st = status
last = log -1 HEAD
unstage = reset HEAD --
Hope this faster.
I added all the aliases command in .profile in user directory ( vim ~/.profile).
alias gs='git status'
alias gp='git pull'
alias gph='git push'
alias gd='git diff | mate'
alias gau='git add --update'
alias gc='git commit -m'
alias gca='git commit -v -a'
alias gb='git branch'
alias gba='git branch -a'
alias gco='git checkout'
alias gcob='git checkout -b'
alias gcot='git checkout -t'
alias gcotb='git checkout --track -b'
alias glog='git log'
alias glogp='git log --pretty=format:"%h %s" --graph'
alias gfo='git fetch origin'
Then , I added source command in bash as well as zsh shell.
In bash shell ( vim ~/.bashrc)
source ~/.profile
In zsh shell ( vim ~/.zshrc )
source ~/.profile
$ git update
git: 'update' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.
Did you mean this?
update-ref
$ git config --global alias.update 'pull -v'
$ git update
From git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git
= [up to date] html -> origin/html
= [up to date] maint -> origin/maint
= [up to date] man -> origin/man
= [up to date] master -> origin/master
= [up to date] next -> origin/next
= [up to date] pu -> origin/pu
= [up to date] todo -> origin/todo
Already up-to-date.You can set custom git aliases using git's config. Here's the syntax:
git config --global alias.<aliasName> "<git command>"
For example, if you need an alias to display a list of files which have merge conflicts, run:
git config --global alias.conflicts "diff --name-only --diff-filter=U"
Now you can use the above command only using "conflicts":
git conflicts
# same as running: git diff --name-only --diff-filter=U
To create any alias in Git use following commands:
git config --local alias.s status
git config --local alias.c commit
git s
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
Just to get the aliases even shorter than the standard git config way mentioned in other answers, I created an npm package mingit (npm install -g mingit) so that most commands would become 2 characters instead of 2 words. Here's the examples:
g a . // git add .
g b other-branch // git branch other-branch
g c "made some changes" // git commit -m "made some changes"
g co master // git checkout master
g d // git diff
g f // git fetch
g i // git init
g m hotfix // git merge hotfix
g pll // git pull
g psh // git push
g s // git status
and other commands would be similarly short. This also keeps bash completions. The package adds a bash function to your dotfiles, works on osx, linux, and windows. Also, unlike the other aliases, it aliases git -> g as well as the second parameter.
If you want an alternative to the ~/.gitconfig option and open to digging in a little more, another option is to write entirely custom git commands by wrapping them in a global node package.
In your package.json, you'd define the root command (example: gt), and then filter the specific commands to execute the correct git commands. For example, git checkout my-branch could be gt co mybranch.
The "christian-git" package on npm uses this method: https://github.com/alexmacarthur/christian-git
PFA screenshot of my .gitconfig file
with the below aliases
[alias]
cb = checkout branch
pullb = pull main branch
Include multiple alias files in your .gitconfig
I suggest using a .gitconfig include for your aliases. Once you start creating aliases, you'll probably end up with a lot of them. They will likely be something you want to share with others. Putting them in a dedicated file makes it easy to share. Your team can even use a git repo to hold shared aliases. And of course some aliases you will not want to share, so keep them in a private alias file.
[include]
path=src/dotfiles/.gitaliases
[include]
path=src/team-utils/gitaliases
[include]
path=.gitaliases.private
It is given here Aliases.Even there are great answers here, I added this because it differs in windows and linux
alias s="git status"
Your pointer finger will forgive you for all the pain you've put it through your whole life.
Another possibility for windows would be to have a directory filled with .bat files that have your shortcuts in them. The name of the file is the shortcut to be used. Simply add the directory to your PATH environment variable and you have all the shortcuts to your disposal in the cmd window.
For example (gc.bat):
git commit -m %1
Then you can execute the following command in the console:
gc "changed stuff"
The reason I'm adding this as an answer is because when using this you aren't limited to git ... only commands.
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