c and c++ operators help

can someone explain to me why the following results in b = 13?

int a, b, c;
a开发者_开发问答 = 1|2|4;
b = 8;
c = 2;
b |= a;
b&= ~c;

It is using binary manipultaors. (Assuming ints are 1 byte, and use Two's complement for storage, etc.)

a = 1|2|4 means a = 00000001 or 00000010 or 00000100, which is 00000111, or 7.
b = 8 means b = 00001000.
c = 2 means c = 00000010.
b |= a means b = b | a which means b = 00001000 or 00000111, which is 00001111, or 15.
~c means not c, which is 11111101.
b &= ~c means b = b & ~c, which means b = 00001111 and 11111101, which is 00001101, or 13.

http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node13.html

a = 1|2|4
  = 0b001
  | 0b010
  | 0b100
  = 0b111
  = 7

b = 8 = 0b1000

c = 2 = 0b10

b|a = 0b1000
    | 0b0111
    = 0b1111 = 15

~c = 0b111...1101

(b|a) & ~c = 0b00..001111
           & 0b11..111101
           = 0b00..001101
           = 13

lets go into binary mode: a = 0111 (7 in decimal) b = 1000 (8) c = 0010 (2)

then we OR b with a to get b = 1111 (15) c = 0010 and ~c = 1101 finally b is anded with negated c which gives us c = 1101 (13)

hint: Convert decimal to binary and give it a shot.. maybe... just maybe you'll figure it all out by yourself

a = 1 | 2 | 4;

Assigns the value 7 to a. This is because you are performing a bitwise OR operation on the constants 1, 2 and 4. Since the binary representation of each of these is 1, 10 and 100 respectively, you get 111 which is 7.

b |= a;

This ORs b and a and assigns the result to b. Since b's binary representation is now 111 and a's binary representation is 1000 (8), you end up with 1111 or 15.

b &= ~c;

The ~c in this expression means the bitwise negation of c. This essentially flips all 0's to 1's and vice versa in the binary representation of c. This means c switches from 10 to 111...11101.

After negating c, there is a bitwise AND operation between b and c. This means only bits that are 1 in both b and c remain 1, all others equal 0. Since b is now 1111 and c is all 1's except in the second lowest order bit, all of b's bits remain 1 except the 2 bit.

The result of flipping b's 2 bit is the same as if you simply subtracted 2 from its value. Since its current value is 15, and 15-2 = 13, the assignment results in b == 13.