Split large string into substrings
I have a huge string like
ABCDEFGHIJKLM...
an开发者_C百科d I would like to split it into substrings of length 5 in this way:
>1
ABCDE
>2
BCDEF
>3
CDEFG
[...]
${string:position:length}
Extracts
$length
characters of substring from$string
at$position
.stringZ=abcABC123ABCabc # 0123456789..... # 0-based indexing. echo ${stringZ:0} # abcABC123ABCabc echo ${stringZ:1} # bcABC123ABCabc echo ${stringZ:7} # 23ABCabc echo ${stringZ:7:3} # 23A # Three characters of substring.
-- from Manipulating Strings in the Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide by Mendel Cooper
Then use a loop to go through and add 1 to the position to extract each substring of length 5.
end=$(( ${#stringZ} - 5 ))
for i in $(seq 0 $end); do
echo ${stringZ:$i:5}
done
fold -w5
should do the trick.
$ echo "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" | fold -w5
ABCDE
FGHIJ
KLMNO
PQRST
UVWXY
Z
Cheers!
sed can do it in one shot:
$ echo "abcdefghijklmnopqr"|sed -r 's/(.{5})/\1 /g'
abcde fghij klmno pqr
or
depends on your needs:
$ echo "abcdefghijklmnopqr"|sed -r 's/(.{5})/\1\n/g'
abcde
fghij
klmno
pqr
update
i thought it was just simply split string problem, didn't read the question very carefully. Now it should give what you need:
still one shot, but with awk this time:
$ echo "abcdefghijklmnopqr"|awk '{while(length($0)>=5){print substr($0,1,5);gsub(/^./,"")}}'
abcde
bcdef
cdefg
defgh
efghi
fghij
ghijk
hijkl
ijklm
jklmn
klmno
lmnop
mnopq
nopqr
...or use the split
command:
$ ls
$ echo "abcdefghijklmnopqr" | split -b5
$ ls
xaa xab xac xad
$ cat xaa
abcde
split
also operates on files...
In bash:
s=ABCDEFGHIJ
for (( i=0; i < ${#s}-4; i++ )); do
printf ">%d\n%s\n" $((i+1)) ${s:$i:5}
done
outputs
>1
ABCDE
>2
BCDEF
>3
CDEFG
>4
DEFGH
>5
EFGHI
>6
FGHIJ
Would sed do it?:
$ sed 's/\(.....\)/\1\n/g' < filecontaininghugestring
str=ABCDEFGHIJKLM
splitfive(){ echo "${1:$2:5}" ; }
for (( i=0 ; i < ${#str} ; i++ )) ; do splitfive "$str" $i ; done
Or, perhaps you want to do something more intelligent with the results
#!/usr/bin/env bash
splitstr(){
printf '%s\n' "${1:$2:$3}"
}
n=$1
offset=$2
declare -a by_fives
while IFS= read -r str ; do
for (( i=0 ; i < ${#str} ; i++ )) ; do
by_fives=("${by_fives[@]}" "$(splitstr "$str" $i $n)")
done
done
echo ${by_fives[$offset]}
And then call it
$ split-by 5 2 <<<"ABCDEFGHIJKLM"
CDEFG
You can adapt it from there.
EDIT: trivial version in C, for performance comparison:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void){
FILE* f;
int n=0;
char five[6];
five[5] = '\0';
f = fopen("inputfile", "r");
if(f!=0){
fread(&five, sizeof(char), 5, f);
while(!feof(f)){
printf("%s\n", five);
fseek(f, ++n, SEEK_SET);
fread(&five, sizeof(char), 5, f);
}
}
return 0;
}
Forgive my bad C, I really don't knw the language.
sed can do it:
sed -nr ':a;h;s/(.{5}).*/\1/p;g;s/.//;ta;' <<<"ABCDEFGHIJKLM" | # split string
sed '=' | sed '1~2s/^/>/' # add line numbers and insert '>'
You could use cut
and specify characters instead of fields, and then change output delimiter to whatever you need, like new line:
echo "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP" | cut --output-delimiter=$'\n' -c1-5,6-10,11-15
output
ABCDE
FGHIJ
KLMNO
or
echo "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP" | cut --output-delimiter=$':' -c1-5,6-10,11-15
output
ABCDE:FGHIJ:KLMNO
thanks to you guys I was able to find a way to do this fast! This is my solution combining a few ideas from here:
str="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP"
splitfive(){
echo $1 | cut -c $2- | sed -r 's/(.{5})/\1\n/g'
}
for (( i=0; i <= 5; i++ )); do
splitfive "$str" $i
done | grep -v "^$"
[The above answer was initially added to the question itself. Here are the relevant comments.]
Your
splitfive
could be more efficient. There's no need to pipe to cut, in bash you could saycut -c "$2"- <<<"$1" | sed
etc and it will be slightly better. -- sorpigal Sep 28 '11 at 11:48
Your sed expression could also be improved to
sed 's/...../&\n/g'
which executes about twice as fast. -- sorpigal Sep 28 '11 at 11:56
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