Calculating Great-Circle Distance with SQLite
Here is my problem, I have a SQLite table with locations and latitudes / longitudes. Basically I need to:
SELECT location, HAVERSINE(lat, lon) AS distance FROM location ORDER BY distance ASC;
HAVERSINE()
is a PHP function that should return the Great-Circle Distance (in miles or km) given a pair of latitude and longitude values. One of these pairs should be provided by PHP and the other pair should be provided b开发者_如何学编程y each latitude / longitude row available in the locations
table.
Since SQLite doesn't has any Geo Spatial extension (AFAIK SpatiaLite exists but still...) I'm guessing the best approach would be to use a custom function with either one of the PDO methods:
PDO::sqliteCreateFunction()
PDO::sqliteCreateAggregate()
I think for this case PDO::sqliteCreateFunction()
would be enough, however my limited experience with this function can be reduced to usage cases similar to the one provided in the PHP Manual:
$db = new PDO('sqlite:geo.db');
function md5_and_reverse($string) { return strrev(md5($string)); }
$db->sqliteCreateFunction('md5rev', 'md5_and_reverse', 1);
$rows = $db->query('SELECT md5rev(filename) FROM files')->fetchAll();
I'm having some trouble figuring out how can I get an SQLite user defined function to process data from PHP and table data at the same time and I would appreciate if someone could help me solve this problem while also understanding SQLite UDFs (a big win of SQLite IMO) a little bit better.
Thanks in advance!
So far I could only think of this solution:
$db = new PDO('sqlite:geo.db');
$db->sqliteCreateFunction('ACOS', 'acos', 1);
$db->sqliteCreateFunction('COS', 'cos', 1);
$db->sqliteCreateFunction('RADIANS', 'deg2rad', 1);
$db->sqliteCreateFunction('SIN', 'sin', 1);
And then execute the following lengthy query:
SELECT "location",
(6371 * ACOS(COS(RADIANS($latitude)) * COS(RADIANS("latitude")) * COS(RADIANS("longitude") - RADIANS($longitude)) + SIN(RADIANS($latitude)) * SIN(RADIANS("latitude")))) AS "distance"
FROM "locations"
HAVING "distance" < $distance
ORDER BY "distance" ASC
LIMIT 10;
If anyone can think of a better solution please let me know.
I just found this interesting link, I'll try it tomorrow.
From your "interesting link".
function sqlite3_distance_func($lat1,$lon1,$lat2,$lon2) {
// convert lat1 and lat2 into radians now, to avoid doing it twice below
$lat1rad = deg2rad($lat1);
$lat2rad = deg2rad($lat2);
// apply the spherical law of cosines to our latitudes and longitudes, and set the result appropriately
// 6378.1 is the approximate radius of the earth in kilometres
return acos( sin($lat1rad) * sin($lat2rad) + cos($lat1rad) * cos($lat2rad) * cos( deg2rad($lon2) - deg2rad($lon1) ) ) * 6378.1;
}
$db->sqliteCreateFunction('DISTANCE', 'sqlite3_distance_func', 4);
Then do a query with:
"SELECT * FROM location ORDER BY distance(latitude,longitude,{$lat},{$lon}) LIMIT 1"
EDIT (by QOP): I finally needed this again and this solution worked out great, I just ended up modifying the code a bit to it is a bit less verbose and handles non-numeric values gracefully, here it is:
$db->sqliteCreateFunction('distance', function () {
if (count($geo = array_map('deg2rad', array_filter(func_get_args(), 'is_numeric'))) == 4) {
return round(acos(sin($geo[0]) * sin($geo[2]) + cos($geo[0]) * cos($geo[2]) * cos($geo[1] - $geo[3])) * 6378.14, 3);
}
return null;
}, 4);
Building off Alix's answer...
$db->sqliteCreateFunction('HAVERSINE', 'haversine', 2);
I would imagine that this would allow the query that you specified in your question to work.
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