Categories feature of objective-c comes under which OOPS feature?

As per my knowledge, Objective-C is an Object oriented programming languge and Categories is a feature provided by Objective-C.

So I would like to know that Category feature is coming under which OOPs concept

• Abstraction
• Polymorphism
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance开发者_JS百科, etc.

Thanks in advance.

Mrunal

@Abizern's answer is good. I would add that categories are a form of dynamic dispatch, in particular that they can be used to extend existing classes without subclassing.

That said, Object Oriented Programming is more a design philosophy than a set of language features. One might ask "what OOP feature does postfix increment correspond to?" The answer is "none; it's a language feature." Categories are not primarily used to implement OOP design (though sometimes they are, as noted above). Their original use was to break up large implementation files. Their later use was to provide informal protocols due to a flaw in the language (lack of @optional). And today, they're primarily used to split code along platform-specific lines (NSString+UIStringDrawing vs NSString+AppKitAdditions).

Extensions are similar to categories, and similarly are primarily a language feature rather than an OOP design feature. They facilitate encapsulation to some extent, but mostly are a side-effect of an arbitrary compiler requirement to define methods before they are used (I say "arbitrary" because this is not related to design or developer needs; it just simplifies the compiler). Extensions should not be confused with some deep OOP requirement.

So using categories to attach additional functionality at runtime is dynamic dispatch. Beyond that, it's just a language feature that's used for several non-OOP things.

According to the Cocoa Design Patterns book by Buck and Yacktman. Category is a pattern in itself, and one that is supported by the Objective-C programming language directly.

Probably closest to Encapsulation, when it comes to academic OOP concepts. But this really shows the difference between academic definitions of OOP, and the practical world of OOP Design Patterns.