How to create a menu programmatically in Android?

Now I want to add it a menu on the bottom of the screen. I wrote a lot of about but still didnt get how to d开发者_如何学编程o that. My main problem is that I dont have an xml file on my main page. its look liks that:

   public class start  extends ListActivity {
        static final String[] COUNTRIES = new String[] {
        "NEWS1", "NEWS2","RADIO"};
 Intent intent;
 public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

      setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, COUNTRIES));

      ListView lv = getListView();
      lv.setTextFilterEnabled(true);

      lv.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
            int position, long id) {
if (((TextView) view).getText().equals("NEWS1")){
 intent = new Intent(start.this,  NewsActivity.class);

how can I add a menu with an action. please give me a example. thanks

use this code to add menu dynamically

private static final int NEW_MENU_ID=Menu.FIRST+1;

@Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);

        menu.add(0, NEW_MENU_ID, 0, "New"); 

        return true;
    }

Ya its fine if you dont have an XML file in your main activity. You can still add menu to it by following this steps ->

1. create an android XML file and select menu as type(It will get stored under res folder's menu sub folder).

2. Now in your main activity code add this two methods ->

   public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){
       getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.yourmenuxmlfilename, menu);
       return true;
   }
   public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item){
       switch(item.getItemId){
           case R.id.item1:
               // what you want to do with first button
               break;
           case .....
               break;
       }
       return true;
   }
   

For a context menu you just add

            getListView().setOnCreateContextMenuListener(new OnCreateContextMenuListener() {

                @Override
                public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v,
                        ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {

                    menu.setHeaderTitle("Options");
                    menu.add("Option1");
                    menu.add("Option2");
                    menu.add("Option3");

                }
            });

The context menu just appears on long click to the list item

For options menu

create an android xml file that you inflate in options menu

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

    new MenuInflater(this).inflate(R.layout.options, menu);
    return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
    //and your action for menu item click goes here