Why does git mergetool open 4 windows in vimdiff? (I'd expect 3)
When I met a conflict, I tried to use git-mergetool
to solve it. I typed:
>git mergetool -t vimdiff
It opened vimdiff
in 4-way, not 3-way. My split windows in vimdiff look like:
:ls
1 #a "Gemfile.lock" line 1
2 %a "Gemfile.lock.LOCAL.4828.lock" line 1
3 a "Gemfile.lock.BASE.4828.lock" line 0
4 a "Gemfile.lock.REMOTE.4828.lock" line 0
What are they? I want a 开发者_C百科3-way diff: target file, merge file and working file. How should I configure my git or vimdiff?
As an alternative, have you thought about using fugitive?
I'm not going to lie to you; fugitive.vim may very well be the best Git wrapper of all time.
There is a an excellent vimcast, Fugitive.vim - resolving merge conflicts with vimdiff, by Drew Neil. This is part of a series on fugitive.
The Vimcasts website is a good place to learn more about vim.
To use fugitive as you mergetool you can use the following.
git config --global mergetool.fugitive.cmd 'vim -f -c "Gvdiffsplit!" "$MERGED"'
git config --global merge.tool fugitive
Note: you may want to change vim
to mvim
or gvim
.
Fugitive has a lot more to offer than just being a merge tool script so make sure you read the documentation and/or check out the vimcasts.
After lots of research for issuing mergetool with vimdiff and only 3 windows, I came up with this configuration, that allows me to chose when I want 3 windows or the default 4 windows:
git config --global merge.tool vimdiff
git config --global alias.mt mergetool
git config --global mergetool.merge3.cmd 'vim -d -c "wincmd l" "$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"'
git config --global alias.m3 'mergetool -t merge3'
Now you can start 3 windows just typing:
git m3
And the default (4 windows) will still works as expected with:
git mt
Also, you probably would like to add this lines to the end of your ~/.vimrc
or /etc/vim/vimrc
" shortcuts to vimdiff
let mapleader=','
let g:mapleader=','
if &diff
map <leader>1 :diffget LOCAL<CR>
map <leader>2 :diffget BASE<CR>
map <leader>3 :diffget REMOTE<CR>
endif
This will create shortcuts like ,1
to grab from left, ,3
to grab from right (in both modes) and also ,2
to grab from base (center window) in the 4 windows mode.
That helps a lot!
My ~/.gitconfig
file looks like this:
[user]
name = Dr Beco
email = my@email
[merge]
tool = vimdiff
[mergetool "merge3"]
cmd = vim -d -c \"wincmd l\" \"$LOCAL\" \"$MERGED\" \"$REMOTE\"
[alias]
lo = log --pretty=format:\"%h %ce %cd %s\" --graph
co = checkout
ci = commit
cm = commit -a -m
st = status
br = branch
m3 = mergetool -t merge3
mt = mergetool
[diff]
tool = vimdiff
I hope this helps you (and those who get to here).
Note: while you can use only 3 Windows as described in Dr Beco's answer
(vim -d -c "wincmd l" "$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"'
),
the 4-windows mode is enhanced with git 2.8 (March 2016)
See commit 2300328 (29 Jan 2016) by Dickson Wong (diwo
).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster
-- in commit 82c17b7, 17 Feb 2016)
The
vimdiff
backend for "git mergetool
" has been tweaked to arrange and number buffers in the order that would match the expectation of majority of people who read left to right, then top down and assign buffers 1 2 3 4 "mentally" to local base remote merge windows based on that order.
Internally, git will now use:
"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c '4wincmd w | wincmd J' \
"$LOCAL" "$BASE" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED"
instead of:
"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c 'wincmd J' \
"$MERGED" "$LOCAL" "$BASE" "$REMOTE"
mergetool
: reorder vim/gvim buffers in three-way diffs
When invoking default (g)
vimdiff
three-way merge, the merged file is loaded as the first buffer but moved to the bottom as the fourth window.
This causes a disconnect betweenvim
commands that operate on window positions (e.g. CTRL-W_w) and those that operate on buffer index (e.g. do/dp).This change reorders the buffers to have the same index as windows while keeping the cursor default to the merged result as the bottom window.
With Git 2.31 (Q1 2021), mergetools help considering only 3 panels, not 4.
See commit 30bb808 (13 Feb 2021) by Seth House (whiteinge
).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster
-- in commit cadae71, 25 Feb 2021)
mergetools/vimdiff
: add vimdiff1 merge tool variantSigned-off-by: Seth House
Tested-by: David Aguilar
This adds yet another vimdiff/gvimdiff variant and presents conflicts as a two-way diff between 'LOCAL' and 'REMOTE'.
'MERGED' is not opened which deviates from the norm so usage text is echoed as a Vim message on startup that instructs the user with how to proceed and how to abort.Vimdiff is well-suited to two-way diffs so this is an option for a more simple, more streamlined conflict resolution.
For example: it is difficult to communicate differences across more than two files using only syntax highlighting; default vimdiff commands to get and put changes between buffers do not need the user to manually specify a source or destination buffer when only using two buffers.Like other merge tools that directly compare 'LOCAL' with 'REMOTE', this tool will benefit when paired with the new
mergetool.hideResolved
setting.
Arthur Bowers reports in the comments having used:
git config --global mergetool.vimdiff.cmd \ '$merge_tool_path -f -d -c "4wincmd w | \ wincmd J" "$LOCAL" "$BASE" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED"'
Modifying a bit the commands from this page:
git config --global mergetool.vimdiff3.cmd 'vim -f -d "$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"'
git config --global merge.tool vimdiff3
- 'Merged' would be your working copy.
- 'Local' the file that is in the branch you are trying to make the changes
- 'Remote' the file from the branch you are trying to merge with.
And then you execute the command: git mergetool
.
Note: I use fugitive also and highly recommend it.
I'll second the fugitive recommendation.
You could also try out splice.vim. It's a Vim plugin designed to act as a git or mercurial mergetool drop-in replacement. It allows you to easily shuffle various views of the conflict. It's also very quick, straightforward and does a good job at making merging more intuitive. Here's a screencast.
The files you've listed are:
- The local file containing the conflict.
- The file in the branch you're merging into.
- The file in the branch you're merging from.
- The file as it was in both branch ancesestor node. This file is very useful for figuring out what's going on!
Hope this helps.
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