Using Office automation in a WCF service throws exceptions

In my project, I need to automate Excel and Word at the server side for use by clients. I ran my code in a sample console application and all works well, but inside of the WCF service, I got some errors.

My code looks like this:

var wordApp = new Word.Application();
wordApp.Visible = true;
wordApp.Documents.Add();

wordApp.Selection.PasteSpecial(Link: true, DisplayAsIcon: true); //Throws exception

var _excelApp = new Excel.Application();
_excelApp.Visible = true;

_excelApp.Worksheets.Add(); //Throws exception

And the errors are:

System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException was unhandled by

user code

HelpLink=wdmain11.chm#24822

Message=The specified data type is unavailable.

Source=Microsoft Word

ErrorCode=-2146822946

StackTrace:

at Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.Selection.PasteSpecial(Object&

IconIndex, Object& Link, Object& Placement, Object& DisplayAsIcon,

Object& DataType, Object& IconFileName, Object& IconLabel)

at OfficeApiPlugin.UsingOfficeApiService.DisplyWorksheet(WorksheetRow[]

worksheetData)

at SyncInvokeDisplyWorksheet(Object , Object[] , Object[] )

at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.SyncMethodInvoker.Invoke(Object

instance, Object[] inputs, Object[]& outputs)

at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.DispatchOperationRuntime.InvokeBegin(MessageRpc&

rpc)

System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException was unhandled by user

code

Message=Exception from HRESULT: 0x800A03EC

Source=Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel

ErrorCode=-2146827284

StackTrace:

at Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.ApplicationClass.get_Worksheets()

at OfficeApiPlugin.UsingOfficeApiService.DisplyWorksheet(WorksheetRow[]

worksheetData) in C:\Users\Mahdi7s\Documents\Visual Studio

2010\Projects\OfficeApiPlugin\OfficeApiPlugin\UsingOfficeApiService.cs:line

29

开发者_开发知识库at SyncInvokeDisplyWorksheet(Object , Object[] , Object[] )

at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.SyncMethodInvoker.Invoke(Object

instance, Object[] inputs, Object[]& outputs)

at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.DispatchOperationRuntime.InvokeBegin(MessageRpc&

rpc)

How can I do this without this errors?

I think the problem is that the clipboard (which is the operation that is blowing up) requires the use of an STA COM thread. WCF calls are performed on threadpool threads which are MTA threads.

Spin up your own thread using the Thread class and set its ApartmentState to ApartmentState.STA and then perform your Office automation from there. The simplest thing then would be to block your WCF thread until the automation is complete.

A couple of things to be aware of, however:

1. If you have a lot of concurrent calls you will have to create a threadpool of STA threads rather than spin a new one up each time.
2. For higher throughput you may want to consider making your service operation asynchronous and creating a custom IAsyncResult that signals when the automation is complete. This will allow the WCF thread to be reused while the automation is in progress.