Does Scala allow for this kind of extractor?

Let's say I have this collection:

val a = Array(Array(1,2,3,4,5),Array(4,5),Array(5),Array(1,2,6,7,8))

Is there a way to define an extractor which would work in the following way:

a.foreach(e => {
   e match {
      case Array( ending with 5 ) => 
      case _ =>
   }
})

Sorry for the pseudocode, but I don't know how to express it. Is there a way to match something having 5 as the last element? What if I would want to match something having a 1 as the first element and a 5 as the last? Could this work for arrays of various lengths ( note that I specifically chose different lengths for my arrays in the开发者_Python百科 example ).

Thanks!

Yes you can:

object EndsWith {
  def unapply[A]( xs: Array[A] ) = 
    if( xs.nonEmpty ) Some( xs.last ) else None
}

On your example:

val a = Array(Array(1,2,3,4,5),Array(4,5),Array(5),Array(1,2,6,7,8))

a foreach { 
  case e @ EndsWith(5) => println( e.mkString("(",",",")" ) )
  case _ =>
}

It prints as expected (1,2,3,4,5), (4,5) and (5)

With the same approach, you could write an extractor StartWith and then add a method to combine them in a new extractor matching both conditions.

a.foreach(e => {
   e match {
      case a: Array[Int] if a.last == 5 => 
      case _ =>
   }
})

You can do something a little better for matching on the first elements:

a.foreach(e => {
   e match {
      case Array(1, _*) => 
      case _ => 
   }
})

Unfortunately the @_* thing has to be the last item in the list of array arguments. But you can make the matching before that as complex as you want.

scala> val Array(1, x @_*) = Array(1,2,3,4,5)
x: Seq[Int] = Vector(2, 3, 4, 5)

scala> val Array(1, b, 3, x @_*) = Array(1,2,3,4,5)
b: Int = 2
x: Seq[Int] = Vector(4, 5)

The case syntax supports ifs, so this would work:

a foreach {
  case a: Array[Int] if a.last == 5 =>
  case _ =>
}

a.foreach (ar => ar.last match {                    
  case 5 => println ("-> 5] " + ar.mkString ("~"))
  case _ => println ("   ?] " + ar.mkString (":")) }) 

Why don't you match directly for the last element?

-> 5] 1~2~3~4~5
-> 5] 4~5
-> 5] 5
   ?] 1:2:6:7:8