PHP autovivification

Update: My original intention for this question was to determine if PHP actually has this feature. This has been lost in the answers' focus on the scalar issue. Please see this new question instead: "Does PHP have autovivification?" This question is left here for reference.

According to Wikipedia, PHP doesn't have autovivification, yet this code works:

$test['a']['b'] = 1;
$test['a']['c'] = 1;
$test['b']['b'] = 1;
$test['b']['c'] = 1;

var_dump($test);

Output:

array
  'a' => 
    array
   开发者_如何学编程   'b' => int 1
      'c' => int 1
  'b' => 
    array
      'b' => int 1
      'c' => int 1

I found that this code works too:

$test['a'][4] = 1;
$test['b'][4]['f'] = 3;

But adding this line causes an warning ("Warning: Cannot use a scalar value as an array")

$test['a'][4]['f'] = 3;

What's going on here? Why does it fail when I add the associative element after the index? Is this 'true' Perl-like autovivification, or some variation of it, or something else?

Edit: oh, I see the error with the scalar now, oops! These work as expected:

$test['a'][4]['a'] = 1;
$test['a'][4]['b'] = 2;
$test['a'][5]['c'] = 3;
$test['a'][8]['d'] = 4;

So, php does have autovivification? Searching Google for "php autovivification" doesn't bring up a canonical answer or example of it.

From the PHP manual on the square bracket syntax:

$arr[] = value;

If $arr doesn't exist yet, it will be created, so this is also an alternative way to create an array

With your example:

$test['a'][4] = 1;

Since $test and $test['a'] don't currently exist; they are both created as arrays.

$test['b'][4]['f'] = 3;

$test['b'] and $test['b'][4] don't currently exist; they are both created as arrays.

$test['a'][4]['f'] = 3;

$test['a'][4] does exist, but it is an integer (1). This is the "scalar value" that cannot be used as an array. You can't use the square bracket [] syntax on number values; it doesn't convert an existing value to an array.

According to the results, PHP has autovivification. The error comes from the way it works.

When you say: $a[1][2] = 55, PHP wants to insert the 55 into $a[1] as [2]=>55. Since the $a[1] is non-existent, PHP is creating automatically an empty node, cca. $a[1] = Array(). But when the node already exists, PHP does not create $a[1], just performs the [2]=>55, which is an error, if $a[1] is not array-like (array, object).

The last language I've seen, where nodes may have value and children too, is MUMPS. There were also a function, called $DATA(), which told wheter a node has any child (10), value (1) or both (11), or it's non-existent (0). I think, that's the correct handling of associative arrays.

(Anyway, I like this behavior of PHP.)

With:

$test['b'][4]['f'] = 3;

You're not adding an element to

$test['a'][4]

bacause it's not initialized as an array.

If you'd write:

$test['a'][4] = array(1);

Then it would work.

With:

$test['a']['b'] = 1;
$test['a']['c'] = 1;
$test['b']['b'] = 1;
$test['b']['c'] = 1;

You're implicitly initializing $test['a'] and $test['b'] as an array. But $test['a']['b'] (and so on) as an int