Where are these "without" methods in Rails gems getting defined?

I've seen a few places where开发者_如何学运维 *_without_* methods are being referenced in gems, and I don't see where they're being defined. Here are two examples from the validationgroup and delayed_jobs gems.

1. In validation_group.rb, there is a method add_with_validation_group that is defined that references add_without_validation_group on its last line; however, add_without_validation_group does not appear to be defined anywhere.

   def add_with_validation_group(attribute,
                                 msg = @@default_error_messages[:invalid], *args,
                                 &block)
     add_error = true
     if @base.validation_group_enabled?
       current_group = @base.current_validation_group
       found = ValidationGroup::Util.current_and_ancestors(@base.class).
         find do |klass|
           klasses = klass.validation_group_classes
           klasses[klass] && klasses[klass][current_group] &&
           klasses[klass][current_group].include?(attribute)
         end
       add_error = false unless found
     end
     add_without_validation_group(attribute, msg, *args,&block) if add_error
   end
   

2. In DelayedJob's message_sending.rb, dynamically passed method parameters are being called as #{method}_without_send_later. However, I only see where #{method}_with_send_later is being defined anywhere in this gem.

   def handle_asynchronously(method)
     without_name = "#{method}_without_send_later"
     define_method("#{method}_with_send_later") do |*args|
       send_later(without_name, *args)
     end
     alias_method_chain method, :send_later
   end
   

So my belief is that there's some Rails magic I'm missing with these "without" methods. However, I can't seem to figure out what to search for in Google to answer the question on my own.

that's what alias_method_chain is providing you.

Basically when you say

alias_method_chain :some_method, :feature

You are provided two methods:

some_method_with_feature
some_method_without_feature

What happens is that when the original some_method is called, it actually calls some_method_with_feature. Then you get a reference to some_method_without_feature which is your original method declaration (ie for fallback/default behavior). So, you'll want to define some_method_with_feature to actually do stuff, which, as I say, is called when you call some_method

Example:

def do_something
  "Do Something!!"
end

def do_something_with_upcase
  do_something_without_upcase.upcase
end

alias_method_chain :do_something, :upcase

do_something # => "DO SOMETHING!!"

See the documentation here: