Best way to include file in PHP?

I'm currently developping a PHP web application and I would like to know what is the best manner to include files (include_once) in a way where the code it is still maintanable. By maintanable I mean that i开发者_StackOverflow社区f I want to move a file, It'd be easy to refactor my application to make it work properly.

I have a lot of files since I try to have good OOP practices (one class = one file).

Here's a typical class structure for my application:

namespace Controls
{
use Drawing\Color;

include_once '/../Control.php';

class GridView extends Control
{
    public $evenRowColor;

    public $oddRowColor;

    public function __construct()
    {
    }

    public function draw()
    {
    }

    protected function generateStyle()
    {
    }

    private function drawColumns()
    {
    }
}
}

I used to start all my php file with:

include_once('init.php');

Then in that file I would require_once all the other files that needed to be required, like functions.php for example, or globals.php where I would declare all global variables, or constants. That way you only have to edit all your setting at one place.

It depends on what you are trying to accomplish exactly.

If you want to have a configurable mapping between files and the directories in which they reside you need to work out a path abstraction and implement some loader functions to work with that. I 'll do an example.

Let's say we will use a notation like Core.Controls.Control to refer to the (physical) file Control.php which will be found in the (logical) directory Core.Controls. We 'll need to do a two-part implementation:

1. Instruct our loader that Core.Controls is mapped to the physical directory /controls.
2. Search for Control.php in that directory.

So here's a start:

class Loader {
    private static $dirMap = array();

    public static function Register($virtual, $physical) {
        self::$dirMap[$virtual] = $physical;
    }

    public static function Include($file) {
        $pos = strrpos($file, '.');
        if ($pos === false) {
            die('Error: expected at least one dot.');
        }

        $path = substr($file, 0, $pos);
        $file = substr($file, $pos + 1);

        if (!isset(self::$dirMap[$path])) {
            die('Unknown virtual directory: '.$path);
        }

        include (self::$dirMap[$path].'/'.$file.'.php');
    }
}

You would use the loader like this:

// This will probably be done on application startup.
// We need to use an absolute path here, but this is not hard to get with
// e.g. dirname(_FILE_) from your setup script or some such.
// Hardcoded for the example.
Loader::Register('Core.Controls', '/controls');

// And then at some other point:
Loader::Include('Core.Controls.Control');

Of course this example is the bare minimum that does something useful, but you can see what it allows you to do.

Apologies if I have made any small mistakes, I 'm typing this as I go. :)