Velocity templates seem to fail with UTF-8

I have been trying to use a velocity Template with the following content:

Sübjäct $item

Everything works fine except the translation of the two Unicode characters. The result string printed on the comma开发者_JAVA百科nd line looks like:

Sübjäct foo

I searched the velocity website and the web for this issue, and came up with different font encoding options, which I added to my code. But these don't help. This is the actual code:

velocity.setProperty("file.resource.loader.path", absPath);
velocity.setProperty("input.encoding", "UTF-8");
velocity.setProperty("output.encoding", "UTF-8");

Template t = velocity.getTemplate("subject.vm");
t.setEncoding("UTF-8");

StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();

t.merge(null, sw);       
System.out.println(sw.getBuffer());

How an I fix this issue?

Have you tried using this syntax?

Template template = Velocity.getTemplate("subject.vm", "UTF-8");

That looks like it should do the right thing.

If you're using VelocityEngine along with JavaMailSenderImpl class, don't forget to set the defaultEncoding property. Also, as mentioned above, try configuring input.encoding and output.encoding properties for the VelocityEngine class. I leave an example below.

Configuration file

<bean id="smtpSession" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">
        <property name="jndiName" value="java:jboss/example/jndiName"/>
    </bean>
<bean id="javaMailSenderImpl" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
        <property name="session" ref="smtpSession"/>
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>

<bean id="velocityEngine" class="org.springframework.ui.velocity.VelocityEngineFactoryBean">
        <property name="velocityProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="input.encoding">UTF-8</prop>
                <prop key="output.encoding">UTF-8</prop>
                <prop key="response.encoding">UTF-8</prop>
                <prop key="resource.loader">file</prop>
                <prop key="file.resource.loader.class">org.apache.velocity.runtime.resource.loader.FileResourceLoader
                </prop>
                <prop key="file.resource.loader.path">${relative.path}/email-templates</prop>
                <prop key="file.resource.loader.cache">false</prop>                    
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

My solution: add "-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8" to jvm option(quotes not included).

I try the above possible solution, none of then works for me.

After days of twisted search and explore, I guess my problem happen on velocitie's rendering the html file, because I found some wrongly displayed text is actually in GB2312 encoding, I realised that the encoding of the vm file is not correct when the page is been rendering(I guess).

If you're creating a JavaMailSenderImpl instance manually, you can set the encoding property this way:

JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender = new JavaMailSenderImpl();
Properties mailProperties = new Properties();
mailProperties.put("defaultEncoding", "UTF-8");
mailSender.setJavaMailProperties(mailProperties);

If you're using MimeMessageHelper, set the encoding as follows:

MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailSender.createMimeMessage(), true, "UTF-8");

Finally, for Velocity Engine, there are two ways to get/apply the template while setting the encoding:

Template template = Velocity.getTemplate("template", "UTF-8");
// or
velocityEngine.mergeTemplate("template", "UTF-8", velocityContext, stringWriter);